A – Z of Illnesses & Conditions

Insomnia: Insomnia is a common sleep disorder. People who have insomnia have trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or both. As a result they may get too little sleep or have poor-quality sleep. They may not feel refreshed when they wake up. Insomnia can be acute (short-term) or chronic (ongoing). Stress and anxiety are common causes of insomnia, but it can also be caused by conditions such as depression, schizophrenia or asthma, some medications, and alcohol or drug misuse. 

Acute insomnia is common and often is brought on by situations such as stress at work, family pressures or a traumatic event. Acute insomnia lasts for days or weeks.

Chronic insomnia lasts for a month or longer. Most cases of chronic insomnia are secondary - this means they are the symptom or side effect of some other problem. Certain medical conditions, medicines, sleep disorders and substances can cause secondary insomnia.

In contrast primary insomnia is not due to medical problems, medicines or other substances disorders. Its exact cause is not known. However many life changes can trigger primary insomnia including long-lasting stress and emotional upset. Insomnia can cause daytime sleepiness and a lack of energy. It also can make you feel anxious, depressed or irritable. You may have trouble focusing on tasks, paying attention, learning and remembering. These problems can prevent you from doing your best at work or school, paying attention, learning and remembering.

The first step in treating insomnia is to identify and treat any underlying health condition, such as anxiety, that may be causing your sleep problems. See your doctor if you're finding it difficult to get to sleep or to stay asleep, and it's affecting your daily life.